Located to the east of the Royal Palace. Divided into three gardens and surrounded by monuments such as the Royal Palace, the Royal Theater, the Almudena Cathedral, the Monastery of La Encarnación and the Sabatini gardens. The Gardens are included within the square. of Cabo Noval, the Jardines de Oriente and the Gardens of Lepanto as well as the like the equestrian statue of Philip IV.
The plaza was created in 1809 by order of José I,” ""el rey plazuelas"", several buildings were demolished and the gardens of the Huerta de la Prioress were annexed. Its architect was Narciso Pascual y Colomer. Ferdinand VII modified the project when building the Opera House
In the center of the square it is worth highlighting the equestrian statue of Philip IV made of bronze, the first in the world to stand on its two hind legs thanks to the help of Galileo Galilei. In the square there are statues of 15 Christian and 5 Visigoth kings made of limestone. The central fountain is a tribute to the monarchy and the rivers of Madrid. In the underground parking there is the remains of the 11th century Islamic Watchtower called the Tower of Bones. The central gardens were designed in 1941 and the square has two others: The Cabo Noval Gardens and the Lepanto Gardens.
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